Social infrastructure: The new frontier of PPPS in Brazil

Abstract

Objective: This article examines social infrastructure as an emerging frontier for socioeconomic development in Brazil, analyzing the role of Private Sector Participation (PSP) through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in the health, education, and security sectors.

Method: A qualitative and exploratory approach was adopted, structured into three analytical pillars: (i) a comprehensive literature review on social infrastructure PPPs; (ii) a comparative assessment of international models (United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain) vis-à-vis Brazilian experiences; and (iii) documentary analysis and case studies of Brazilian PPP projects between 2008 and 2024, focusing on contractual scope, risk allocation, and sectoral characteristics.

Findings: Results indicate persistent challenges in Brazilian social infrastructure, including chronic underinvestment, managerial fragmentation, and limited integration of CAPEX and OPEX components. International evidence highlights the separation between core and ancillary services—particularly in healthcare—due to informational asymmetries and high clinical risks. In Brazil, PPPs frequently adopt partial scopes, yet available evidence demonstrates significant potential for improved efficiency, service quality, and value for money.

Conclusion: The study concludes that a shift toward contract-oriented public management is essential for advancing social infrastructure in Brazil. Strengthening institutional capacity, promoting integrated long-term contracts, and professionalizing public managers are key drivers to enhance service delivery and expand the developmental impact of social infrastructure PPPs.