The contribution of public-private partnerships to energy recovery from solid waste

Abstract

Objective: This article examines the contribution of Public-Private Partnerships to enabling energy recovery from municipal solid waste in Brazil. It seeks to understand how PPPs can overcome operational, technological and financial barriers in waste management, supporting the implementation of Waste to Energy systems and promoting environmental sustainability, innovation and energy security.

Method: A qualitative approach was adopted, based on bibliographical, documentary and legal analysis. The study evaluates the regulatory framework established by the National Solid Waste Policy, the New Sanitation Legal Framework, Interministerial Ordinance No. 274/2019 and Law No. 15.103/2025. Technical studies, sectoral data and national and international experiences with Waste to Energy technologies were also examined.

Findings: The research shows that energy recovery in Brazil faces significant challenges, such as technological gaps, low recycling rates, insufficient financial incentives and fragmented governance. The findings indicate that PPPs provide an effective mechanism to attract investments, modernize infrastructure and enhance operational capacity, enabling thermal and biological technologies to convert waste into energy. Case studies from Joinville, Curitiba and Suzano demonstrate environmental benefits, reduced landfill disposal, technological innovation and economic returns for municipalities and concessionaires.

Conclusions: The study concludes that PPPs are a strategic instrument for expanding energy recovery from solid waste in Brazil. Their adoption strengthens the circular economy, increases renewable energy generation and supports environmentally and socially sustainable development. Achieving scale requires regulatory stability, financial incentives and coordinated action between public and private actors.